RFID (Radio Frequency Identification, often called inductive electronic chip or proximity card, proximity card, contactless card, electronic tag, electronic bar code, etc.) is the use of radio frequency signals to achieve non-contact information transfer through spatial coupling. The technology that achieves the purpose of identification through the transmitted information is the specific application and development of automatic identification technology in radio technology. It is regarded as one of the most important information technologies in this century and has shown large-scale development in various fields in recent years. The situation. According to AMR Research forecasts, the global RFID market in 2010 could reach 70 billion U.S. dollars. According to statistics from the Department of Informatization Promotion of the Ministry of Information Industry, the scale of China's RFID market has reached 3.69 billion yuan in 2005, and this number will also increase substantially in the future. An RFID technology storm will soon begin.
1 Analysis of Advantages of RFID Technology
Since 2001, RFID products have been continuously enriched, active electronic tags, passive electronic tags, and semi-passive electronic tags have all been developed. The cost of electronic tags has been continuously reduced, and the scale has rapidly expanded. Compared with other automatic identification technology products, RFID has the following advantages:
1.1 Large amount of data storage
Among other types of automatic identification technology, the two-dimensional barcode with the largest data capacity can only store up to 2725 digits. If the alphabet contains letters, the amount of storage will be less. The RFID tag storage capacity is more than 94 times (nearly 10,000 words), it completely abandon the bar code restrictions, so that every kind of object in the world are different. Has a unique identifier.
1.2 read and write speed
In the non-contact mode, there is no directional requirement. When the tag enters the magnetic field, the reader can instantly read the information and usually complete reading and writing in a few milliseconds. The anti-impact mechanism adopted enables multiple labels to be handled simultaneously to realize batch identification. Up to so many times per second can be identified simultaneously and can be identified in motion.
1.3 High data security
RFID is a unique identification code that does not repeat 4o digits and is not duplicated or changed in the chip according to the internationally unified coding system of electronic product codes. This technique is difficult to be counterfeited and intruded, making it safer to use domestic chips.
1.4 Excellent physical performance
Can store permanent data and non-permanent data. The information in the rewritable memory is easily changed. The data can be dynamically updated, used repeatedly (erased 100000 times, read unlimited), long life (10 years or read and write 100000 times), high and low temperature resistance, can adapt to a variety of working environments and working conditions, especially for oil pollution , dust, radiation and other harsh environments.
1.5 easy to read and write
The reading of the data does not require a light source, and can even be carried out through the outer packaging, reading and writing remotely from a distance. Read and write distances up to 1.5m. When using an active label with its own battery, the effective identification distance can reach 30m or more.
1.6 Anti-collision
The electronic tag has a quick anti-collision mechanism that prevents data interference between cards. Therefore, the reader can process multiple non-contact RF cards “simultaneouslyâ€. It can handle more than 200 at a time. It does not need a light source and can even pass through external materials.
Read data.
1.7 Sharing
Use the network to share information and increase visibility.
2 RFID technology in railway application
Combining the advantages of RFID technology, the author believes that RFID technology will have a broad application prospect in China's railway industry.
2.1 RFID Electronic Ticketing System
(1) ticket security
At present, the anti-counterfeiting of railway tickets is mainly achieved through the use of one-dimensional bar codes on the ticket base and the ticket surface, and the anti-counterfeiting performance is very poor. This makes the large number of fake tickets circulated in the market, causing serious economic losses to the railway administration, and it also cannot protect passengers. interest. If the new RFID electronic ticket is used, the internal data of its electronic chip is encrypted. Only a specific reader can read the data and the counterfeiter cannot make the same ticket.
(2) Quickly organize passengers to check tickets and take flights
The existing method of ticket checking is the use of manual ticket inspection. The station and on-board ticket checking staff identify the authenticity of the ticket through manual identification and use the method of destroying the face of the ticket to identify if it has been checked and avoid the repeated use of the ticket. This method is not only inefficient but also prone to artificial errors. If an RFID electronic ticket is used, the ticket checkers at the station and on the car simply read the RFID tag on the ticket through a portable reader and compare it with the data in the database to identify the authenticity of the ticket. It also greatly speeds up the speed of passengers entering and exiting the station, providing favorable conditions for the station to organize passengers to take off.
(3) Station information sharing
At present, railways are still immature in the information sharing of station vehicles, resulting in serious economic losses and wastage of passenger train resources. If the use of RFID technology network information sharing, you can promptly feedback the station's reserved ticket sales situation to the car, at the same time, the car's replacement ticket back to the station, you can clearly know which stations are reserved ticket is not The sale is completed so that passengers in the car can make up for the ticket in time. In addition, by comparing the information of the occupants in the system with the information on the tickets sold at the station, you can check whether there is a phenomenon of using a fake ticket for the train.
At present, Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway has begun to use such RFID electronic ticket. When a passenger buys a ticket, he gets a card-like ticket with the printed number, number, and seat number on it. Both the entry and exit need to pass through a barrier with an RFID reader. And when leaving the station, the ticket will be returned to the staff. If necessary, passengers can also automatically print out a paper ticket through the swipe card on the equipment on the car site as a proof of reimbursement.
2.2 car number automatic identification system
Using RFID technology, the railway vehicle management system has achieved statistical real-time and automation, reducing management costs.
The goal of the automatic train number identification system is to install electronic tags on all locomotives and trucks. tgCt is an RFID tag. Ground identification equipment (AEI) is installed at all sector stations, marshalling stations, large freight stations and demarcation stations; And the vehicle information is accurately identified; after processing by the computer, accurate and real-time basic information required for real-time tracking management of trains, vehicles, and containers is provided for systems such as TMIS (railway management information system); accurate statistics for trucks at demarcation stations are provided Guarantee; provide accurate information on train number and train number for infrared axis temperature detection system; realize real-time management of vehicles at department, bureau and station, accurate statistics of traffic flow and real-time adjustment, etc., thereby establishing a railway train number, locomotive and truck number Computer automatic report collection system for information such as logos, attributes, and locations. The system can meet the needs of the Ministry of Railways for all aspects of vehicle positioning and identification, tracking management, truck sequencing, full visibility, and loading and unloading trucks.
2.3 Container Tracking Management and Monitoring
Container transportation is the development direction of modern logistics industry; container is the development direction of railway freight transportation, and container transportation is a very effective transportation mode to improve service quality of railways. It contains huge growth space and has strong development advantages. At present, the total number of railroad tanks in China is about 60,000 or so, and there are many types. However, the specific number, the type, the distribution of all roads, and the use status are not clear, which actually reflects the railways. Box management work is lagging and out of control.
At present, the container number identification technology used in global containers basically uses box number image recognition. That is, the number of the print box on the surface of the container is identified by the camera, and the digital box number is collected by the image processing to the computer. This method has a low recognition rate. , but also affected by weather and container damage. At this time, the application of RFID technology to railway containers and the development of informatized containers are very urgent and can greatly improve the efficiency and efficiency of railway container transportation.
2.4 Warehouse Management
In terms of railway freight warehouse management, RFID can also fully exploit the uniqueness and uniqueness of its electronic tags, and use information stored in the labels of radio waves embedded in goods to record items such as serial numbers and dates. Staff do not have to open the box to check that there are several items inside. At the same time, it can also prevent problems such as disputes between shippers and railways caused by stolen cargoes and damage to goods in the warehouse.
3 Conclusion
As a basis for rapid, real-time, accurate acquisition and processing of information and RFID, RFID technology has a very broad application prospect in railways. However, there are still some problems in the application process, such as the problem of high costs, the processing technology of massive data, and the inconsistency of technical standards. We need to treat these issues objectively, and solve different problems at different times. RFID will inevitably be used more widely in railways.
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