Network card
1. Basic concept of network card Network interface card (NIC, Network Interface Card), also known as network card, is the basic component of the network. The network card is connected to the computer in the LAN on the one hand, and the transmission medium in the LAN on the other hand.
The typical network card structure is shown below:
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2. The classification method of the network card can be divided into different types according to the physical layer standard supported by the network card and the interface of the main board.
(1) According to the classification of computers supported by network cards, it is mainly divided into the following two categories:
a. Standard Ethernet card
b. The PCMCIA network card standard Ethernet card is used for desktop computer networking, while the PCMAIA network card is used for portable computer networking. PCMAIA is a portable computer card standard established by the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (Personal Computer Memory Card InternaTIonal AssociaTIon). Network cards that meet this standard are similar in size to credit cards. It is only suitable for connecting portable computers to the local area network.
(2) According to the transmission rate supported by the network card, it is mainly divided into the following country categories:
a, 10 Mbps
b, 100 Mbps
c, 10/100 Mbps
d, 1000 Mbps
According to the requirements of the transmission rate, the network card can only support the transmission rate of 10Mbps or 100Mbps, and can also support the transmission rate of 10Mbps and 100Mbps at the same time, and can automatically detect the transmission rate of the network. With the use of Gigabit Ethernet switches, 1000Mbps
Network cards also began to appear.
(3) According to the type of transmission media supported by the network card, it is mainly divided into the following four categories:
a. Twisted pair network card
b. Thick cable network card
c, thin cable network card
d. The optical fiber network card provides corresponding interfaces for different transmission media. The NIC for thick cable should provide AUI interface, the NIC for thin cable should provide BNC interface, the NIC for unshielded twisted pair should provide RJ-45 interface, and the NIC for optical fiber should provide F / O interface for optical fiber.
At present, most Ethernet cards usually integrate several types of interfaces on one network card. For example: AUI / BN, AUI / RJ-45, BNS / RJ-45 two-in-one network card, and ATI / BNC / RJ-45 three-in-one network card. These network cards with multiple interfaces can be applied to the connection instructions of different types of transmission media on the one hand; on the other hand, they also provide conditions for redundant connections to improve the reliability of the network connection. At the same time, some simple Ethernet cards provide one of AUI, BNC, and RJ-45 interfaces. For example, only 10 BASE-T Ethernet cards that provide RJ-45 interfaces are supported.
(4) According to the bus type supported by the Gang card, it is mainly divided into the following two categories:
a, ISA network card
b. The PCI network card must be compatible with the type of computer bus to which it is connected. At present, the typical microcomputer bus mainly has a 16-bit ISA bus and a 32-bit PCI bus. Therefore, the network card is also designed to adapt to different buses to adapt to different bus types of ISA network card and PCI network card.
At the same time, Ethernet cards produced by different manufacturers have large differences in integration, processing chips, data buffers and configuration methods.
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