Chromatographic analysis type - Huaqiang Electronic Network

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Chromatographic analysis is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It plays a crucial role in various scientific fields such as chemistry, biology, and pharmaceuticals.

The term "species" refers to the different chemical compounds or elements present in a sample that can be analyzed using chromatography.

Color is an important visual indicator during chromatographic analysis, especially when identifying substances based on their appearance or when using colorimetric detection methods.

In the spectral method, the mobile phase can either be a gas or a liquid, leading to two main types: Gas Chromatography (GC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC). The stationary phase can be solid or a liquid coated on a solid surface, which allows for further classification into gas-liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid, and liquid-liquid chromatography.

Additionally, there's a technique called Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), which uses a supercritical fluid—such as carbon dioxide—as the mobile phase. This state of matter exists above its critical temperature and pressure, combining properties of both gases and liquids. SFC is particularly useful for separating thermally sensitive compounds without degradation.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a modern analytical technique developed in the early 1970s, following Gas Chromatography. It uses a liquid as the mobile phase and has significantly improved upon classical liquid chromatography by increasing efficiency, speed, and automation.

Unlike traditional methods, HPLC operates under high pressure, allowing for faster flow rates and better resolution. The columns are packed with small particles, enhancing column efficiency and enabling more precise separations. Modern HPLC systems also incorporate advanced detectors and automated data processing, making them highly effective for both research and industrial applications.

An HPLC system typically includes several key components: the sample introduction system, the Pump that delivers the mobile phase under high pressure, the separation column, the detector, and the data processing unit. Additional features like gradient elution, online degassers, autosamplers, and column heaters may also be included to enhance performance and versatility.

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