Intelligent Transportation and Vehicle Network Overview

The origin of a smart city - the digital earth. In January 1998, the then Vice President of the United States, Gore, first proposed the concept of "digital earth" in a speech. Gore pointed out: We need a "digital earth", a virtual earth with multi-resolution, three-dimensional visual representation embedded in massive geographic data based on Earth coordinates. “Digital City” is an important part of “Digital Earth” and a concrete embodiment of “Digital Earth” in the city. "Digital Earth" has developed to the present, and has experienced three stages of digitization, informationization and intelligence. Digitization is the initial stage, but the data has not been effectively classified and managed and cannot be called information. Information theory refers to meaningful content in data as information. The data in the informationization stage is effectively classified, stored and managed, and becomes an effective resource. With the emergence and application of new technologies such as sensor networks, urban informatization is moving towards intelligent direction.

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The evolution of human society from the "physical age" to the "material power era" and then to the "intellectual era" is a general trend of continuous escalation of civilization. When production tools develop from agricultural machinery to industrial equipment, information equipment, and intelligent equipment, the social form transitions from an agricultural society to an industrial society, an information society, and a network society. Cities will also move from agricultural towns, industrial cities, and digital cities to smart cities. Therefore, smart cities have become the inevitable direction of urban development.

At the end of 2008, IBM launched the “Smart Earth” development strategy, leading digital cities to smart cities. On January 28, 2009, in response to the financial crisis, Obama held a round table with American business leaders. IBM CEO Peng Mingsheng proposed the concept of “smart planet” to US President Barack Obama. The strategy is roughly defined as: embedding and equipping sensors into various objects such as power grids, railways, buildings, dams, oil and gas pipelines, forming objects, and then integrating them through supercomputers and cloud computing to achieve social and social The fusion of the physical world. Obama responded by investing economic stimulus funds in emerging technologies such as broadband networks. The concept quickly warmed up and rose to the long-term development strategy of the United States.

Smart City = Digital City + Internet of Things + Cloud Computing. Professor Li Deren, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, wrote an article on the definition of a smart city. He believes that the connotation of a smart city is the integration of the three concepts of digital city, internet of things and cloud computing. The idea of ​​a smart city is to integrate sensors into various objects in urban life to form the Internet of Things, and realize the integration of the Internet of Things through supercomputers and cloud computing to realize the integration of digital cities and urban systems. The smart city is a visual and measurable intelligent city management and operation based on the comprehensive digitalization of the city, including the city's information and data infrastructure and the establishment of a networked urban information management platform and comprehensive decision support platform.

Smart transportation is an important component of a smart city and the best way to solve traffic problems.

Transportation is the artery of economic development, and smart transportation is an important component of smart cities.

Smart cities currently include smart transportation, smart security, smart energy, smart education, smart medical care, and smart government. They will continue to expand into all aspects of urban life in the future. At present, the construction of “smart cities” in the world is in full swing. The areas covered by “smart cities” cover all aspects of urban life, and have gradually involved various systems of urban operation and management, such as transportation, security, electricity, government administration, Emergency, medical, education, etc. When the goal of the smart city is split and landed, it is implemented as a sub-division of larger concepts such as smart medical care, smart production, smart transportation, and smart government. Urban construction, traffic first. Transportation is the artery of economic development, and intelligent transportation is an important part of the construction of smart cities.

The acceleration of urbanization has led to a growing problem of traffic

With the rapid development of social economy and science and technology, the level of urbanization is getting higher and higher, the number of motor vehicles is increasing rapidly, and problems such as traffic congestion, traffic accident rescue, traffic management, environmental pollution, and energy shortage have become common problems faced by countries all over the world. Both developed and developing countries are suffering from these problems without exception. In this context, the transportation infrastructure, traffic vehicles and transportation participants are integrated into the system to make full use of information technology, data communication transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, satellite navigation and positioning technology, control technology, computer technology and The integration and application of many high-tech such as traffic engineering makes the interaction between people, vehicles and roads present in a new way. This way of solving traffic problems is the intelligent transportation system.

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) refers to the effective integration of advanced information technology, data communication transmission technology, electronic sensing technology, satellite navigation and positioning technology, electronic control technology and computer processing technology for the entire transportation management. The system, a comprehensive, comprehensive and efficient transportation and management system that works in a wide range and in all directions. Its purpose is to make people, cars and roads work closely together to achieve harmony and synergy, greatly improve transportation efficiency, ensure traffic safety, improve transportation environment and improve energy efficiency. “People” here refers to all people involved in the transportation system, including traffic managers, operators and participants; “cars” include vehicles of various modes of transportation; “roads” include access to various modes of transportation, route. "Intelligence" is the most fundamental feature of ITS that distinguishes it from traditional transportation systems.

Developing smart transportation is the development trend of government intelligence and traffic informationization

The methods for solving the above traffic problems can be summarized into two types: construction and sparse. “Building” refers to the investment in road hardware such as highways, urban rail transit, and intercity transportation facilities, as well as the construction of management facilities for intelligent solutions represented by the construction of smart transportation, and alleviating traffic pressure. “Sparse” means giving full play to the technical advantages and synergies of intelligent transportation, combining various high-tech technologies and products to improve the efficiency of the transportation system. In the past, the traditional solution was to increase investment in infrastructure construction and vigorously develop road construction. Due to the limited government expenditure and the limitations of urban space, the space for the development of the law has gradually narrowed. As a result, cities such as Beijing and Guangzhou have successively implemented the “restricted purchase” and “limit” policies for cars, hoping for “ban”. The means to slow down urban traffic pressure. But this practice of suppressing people's rigid needs has been criticized.

Experts also call for “blocking” as “sparse”. Developing smart transportation is the best way to improve transportation efficiency and solve problems such as traffic congestion and traffic accidents. From the perspective of the actual application of countries, the development of intelligent transportation systems can indeed improve traffic efficiency, effectively reduce traffic pressure, reduce traffic accident rates, and thus protect the environment and save energy.

The Internet of Vehicles is a new development trend of smart transportation, and the industry welcomes the period of policy opportunities.

The Internet of Vehicles is the application of the Internet of Things in the field of intelligent transportation. The Internet of Vehicles project is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Entering the new century, the concepts of the Internet of Things, the smart earth, and the smart city have arisen. The application to the transportation field has created the concept of smart transportation and car networking. The concept of the Internet of Things was introduced in China as early as 1999. At that time, it was not called the “Internet of Things” but called the sensor network. The concept of the Internet of Things and the rapid development of the Internet of Things industry, and the convergence of intelligent transportation, produced The new trend of the intelligent transportation industry - car networking.

The Internet of Vehicles is the mobile Internet of Things. It refers to the use of in-vehicle electronic sensor mounting, through mobile communication technology, car navigation systems, intelligent terminal equipment and information network platforms, so that cars and roads, cars and cars, cars and people, cars and Real-time networking between cities to realize information interconnection and interoperability, thus effectively monitoring, scheduling, and managing network systems for vehicles, people, things, roads, and location. The part related only to "human-car" is called Telematics in foreign countries, which is the "narrow sense" of the automobile Internet of Things. Telematics is a platform for wireless voice, digital communications and satellite navigation and positioning systems to provide drivers and passengers with traffic information, emergency response strategies, remote vehicle diagnostics and the Internet (financial transactions, news, etc.) through positioning systems and wireless communication networks. E-mail, etc.) Integrated information service system for services.

The car networking is essentially a huge wireless sensor network. Each car can be considered a super sensor node, usually a car equipped with internal and external thermometers, brightness sensors, one or more cameras, microphone ultrasonic radar, and many other equipment. At present, more than 100 sensors are installed in a regular car, and there are even more than 200 sensors in luxury cars. In addition, future cars will be equipped with on-board computers, GPS locators and wireless transceivers. This enables wireless communication between cars, as well as between cars and roadside base stations. This unprecedented wireless sensor network extends the perception and control of computer systems to the entire world.

The car networking project has been listed as an important project in the national major special project (the third special project), and the initial investment of funds reached tens of billions. The implementation of the national special science and technology project is the top priority of science and technology work. The third major requirement of the National “12th Five-Year Plan for Science and Technology Development” is to accelerate the breakthrough of mobile Internet, broadband cluster system, new generation wireless LAN and Core technologies such as the Internet of Things, promote industrial applications, promote operational service innovation and intellectual property creation, and enhance the core competitiveness of the industry. As the core application of the Internet of Things field, the first phase of capital investment will reach 10 billion yuan, and the support funds will be concentrated in the fields of automotive electronics, information communication and software solutions.

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