A complete RFID system consists of a reader (Reader) and an electronic tag (TAG), a so-called transponder and application software system. The working principle is that the reader emits a specific frequency. The radio wave energy is sent to the Transponder to drive the Transponder circuit to send the internal data. At this time, the Reader receives the interpretation data in sequence and sends it to the application for corresponding processing.
In terms of communication and energy sensing between RFID card readers and electronic tags, it can be roughly divided into two types: InducTIve Coupling and Backscatter Coupling. Generally, low-frequency RFID adopts the first type. The higher frequency mostly adopts the second method.
The reader can be a read or read/write device depending on the structure and technology used, and is an RFID system information control and processing center. The reader usually consists of a coupling module, a transceiver module, a control module, and an interface unit. The half-duplex communication is generally used for information exchange between the reader and the transponder, while the reader provides energy and timing by coupling to the passive transponder. In practical applications, management functions such as collection, processing, and remote transmission of object identification information can be further implemented through Ethernet or WLAN. The transponder is the information carrier of the RFID system. Currently, the transponder is mostly composed of a coupling element (coil, microstrip antenna, etc.) and a microchip.
Transponders usually contain:a. Antenna: used to receive the signal sent by the reader and send the requested data back to the reader.
b. AC/DC circuit: converts the RF signal sent by the card reader into a DC power source, stores the energy through the large capacitor, and then provides a stable power supply through the voltage stabilization circuit.
c. Demodulation circuit: The carrier is removed to extract the true modulated signal.
d. Logic control circuit: Decode the signal sent by the reader and send back the data to the reader according to its requirements.
e. Memory: As the location where the system operates and stores identification data.
f. Modulation circuit: The data sent by the logic control circuit is loaded into the antenna and sent to the reader after being modulated by the modulation circuit.
Readers usually contain:a. Antenna: used to send wireless signals to the Tag and receive the data returned by the Tag response.
b. System Frequency Generator: Generates the operating frequency of the system.
c. Phase Lock Loop (PLL): The carrier signal required to generate the RF
d. Modulation circuit: The signal to be sent to the tag is loaded to the carrier and sent to the RF circuit for transmission.
e. Microprocessor: Generates a signal to be sent to the modulation circuit, decodes the signal sent by the tag, and returns the data to the application. If the system is encrypted, it must be encrypted and decrypted.
f. Memory: store user programs and data
g. Demodulation circuit: Demodulate the weak signal sent by the tag and send it to the microprocessor for processing.
h. Peripheral interface: used to connect with the computer
Application software systems usually contain:a. Hardware Driver: Connect, display, and process card reader operations.
b. Control application: control the operation of the card reader, receive the data returned by the card reader, and make corresponding processing, such as opening the door, checking out, dispatching, and recording. . . Wait.
c. Database: Store all Tag related data for use by the control program.
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