The principle and current situation of garbage power generation

After three stages of drying, burning and burning, garbage is burned at a high temperature of 850-1000 degrees Celsius. The computer automatic control system and automatic combustion control system can instantly monitor and adjust the combustion conditions of the garbage in the furnace and adjust the grate operation speed and the combustion air amount in time. These means can ensure that the garbage disposal is always in a controllable state. Incineration of high-temperature flue gas generated during the waste treatment process, in order to avoid the loss of heat energy, the heat of the incineration waste treatment process is exchanged in the waste heat boiler to generate superheated steam, which promotes the turbine generator unit to generate electrical energy, and the electrical energy passes through the power grid again. , transported to various places, to achieve the recycling of waste treatment.

The flue gas generated during the incineration process needs to be treated through special equipment before it can be discharged. Lime, activated carbon and other substances can be added to adsorb and purify the flue gas. Generally referred to as the tail gas purification, the flue gas is treated. In the process of storage before processing, sewage is also leached out, and these effluents are also processed through advanced technologies, biochemicals, filtration and purification, so that the treated sewage can be reused, and direct recovery can be used for reproduction. With water. The volume reduction rate after garbage incineration is very high, and the weight of the slag only accounts for 15% to 20% of the weight of garbage before incineration, which is a good realization of the reduction of waste disposal.

2. Can household garbage burn? Can it be burned thoroughly?

With the continuous development of China’s national economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the calorific value of daily life garbage has been continuously increased. The current level of heat is equivalent to 1/4 of ordinary coal, and the specific data is around 1000~1200kCal/kg. It can be burned without adding any combustibles. Now, domestic burning boilers in the form of fired grate burners are relatively mature, and they all burn domestic garbage thoroughly. Residues after burning resemble mud. The calorific value of garbage that has entered the waste incineration power plant in China is already completely higher than the value of heat of combustion.

3. What is the status of waste incineration in China?

China is a developing country. In recent years, rapid economic development, accelerated urbanization, and continuous improvement in the living standards of residents have led to an increase in the amount of urban waste, which is growing at an annual rate of about 4%. The problem of polluting the environment and endangering people is still very serious. prominent. At present, there are many landfills in China, but due to the reasons for local capital investment, 57% of them have not passed EIA; composting is only promoted in a few places, but due to waste classification, composting is more difficult. . Garbage incineration has also not been fully promoted due to the expensive processing equipment. The "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" for environmental protection requires pollution reduction as the core, comprehensively implement various measures such as project emission reduction, structural emission reduction, and management of emission reduction, strengthen environmental access, effectively strengthen prevention and control of seawater pollution in the rivers and lakes, and deepen industrial pollution prevention and control. . Through three years of efforts, the discharge of major pollutants has been controlled, the construction of environmental protection infrastructure has been comprehensively strengthened, and the capacity of environmental protection supervision has been significantly improved.

Although China's waste incineration power generation started late, it has developed rapidly. In 1988, Shenzhen established China's first garbage power plant that imported Japanese Mitsubishi imported equipment and technology. The Shenzhen Municipal Environmental Sanitation Comprehensive Treatment Plant handled 3×150 tons of waste every day, with an installed capacity of 4MW. In 2000, Zhuhai established the first waste-to-energy power plant based on domestically-produced equipment, the Zhuhai Waste Power Plant (3 x 200 tons of daily garbage, with an installed capacity of 6MW). Subsequently, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Shanghai Pudong and Puxi, Heze of Shandong, Nanhai of Guangdong, Taiyuan of Shanxi, Chongqing, Changsha of Hunan, Tianjin, Guangzhou and other cities have successively built waste power plants. At present, there are more than 140 waste power plants in China. (Contained, under construction, and approved).

As a recyclable energy source, garbage has been widely promoted in China. In the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, it is explicitly mentioned that there are 56 incineration plants (29%) in the planning and layout of waste disposal in the eastern region, 9 (7%) incinerators in the central region, and waste disposal planning in the northeast region. There are 7 incineration plants (9%), 4 incineration plants for waste disposal planning in the northwest (10%), and 6 incineration plants for waste disposal in the southwest (16%).

Therefore, the original garbage used for landfills and composts could not fully meet the demand, and the negative impact of composting on soil was also large. Most landfills were already in the situation of filling up and re-selecting landfill sites. With the shortage of land and environmental requirements, waste incineration power generation technology has been developed in different cities according to actual conditions, and it has become imperative to treat garbage innocuously.