According to James Consulting, Apple's new TrueDepth camera system on the iPhone X is truly impressive, but it feels somewhat familiar. The technology works by projecting 30,000 infrared dots onto a user’s face using a dot matrix projector and then capturing the reflection with an infrared camera. This method closely resembles how Microsoft Kinect operates, which also uses structured light technology to create 3D depth maps.
The Kinect device employs a structured light approach, where a known pattern of light (such as a grid or dot pattern) is projected onto a surface and captured by a sensor. By analyzing the distortion of this pattern, the system can calculate depth and reconstruct 3D images. This technique relies on an infrared emitter and an infrared camera, much like the TrueDepth system on the iPhone X. However, traditional stereo vision systems—using two visible-light cameras—can also estimate depth based on differences in perspective. These systems rely on focus blur to infer distance, though they are generally less accurate than structured light methods.
Although Apple hasn’t explicitly confirmed whether the iPhone X uses a color image sensor, it’s likely that one is present. The presence of the Flood Illuminator suggests that the color camera can function in low-light conditions, while the infrared camera handles the dot projection. Similarly, the Kinect includes additional features, such as an astigmatic lens that has different focal lengths for horizontal and vertical directions. This allows for more depth information per pixel but can reduce overall image quality.
The iPhone X’s TrueDepth camera shares several key components with the Kinect, including infrared emitters, cameras, and depth-sensing capabilities. Both systems rely on machine learning algorithms trained on thousands of examples—whether it’s body posture for Kinect or facial expressions for the iPhone X. This combination of hardware and software enables highly accurate and responsive facial recognition and tracking. Overall, while the iPhone X brings this technology to the consumer market, its roots can be traced back to earlier innovations like the Kinect.
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