IBUFDS, IBUFGDS, and OBUFDS are differential signal buffers used for buffering and converting signals between different voltage levels and interfaces.
1) IBUFDS is designed for differential input signals. It supports low-voltage differential signaling standards such as LVDS and LVCMOS. This buffer has two complementary input pins, I and IB, which represent the same logic signal but with opposite phases. The output of IBUFDS is a single-ended signal that reflects the differential input.
2) OBUFDS serves as a differential output buffer, also supporting low-voltage differential signaling. It takes a single-ended input and converts it into a differential output, using two output pins, O and OB, which carry complementary signals. This helps in driving high-speed signals over long distances with reduced noise and crosstalk.
3) IBUFGDS is a specialized differential input buffer intended for clock signals. It is typically connected to clock management resources like BUFG or DCM. Like the other buffers, it uses two complementary inputs, I and IB, to receive a differential clock signal, which is then converted into a single-ended clock output.
Here are more details about each component:
1. IBUFDS (Differential Signaling Input Buffer with Selectable I/O Interface) – This buffer is used to interface with differential signals. It can handle various I/O standards and provides a single-ended output. The behavior of the buffer depends on the combination of the I and IB inputs. For example:
| I | IB | O |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | No change |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | No change |
An example instantiation would be:
IBUFDS instance_name (.O(user_O), .I(user_I), .IB(user_IB));
2. OBUFDS (Differential Signaling Output Buffer with Selectable I/O Interface) – This buffer converts a single-ended input into a differential output. It is ideal for driving high-speed differential signals. The output pins O and OB are complementary, ensuring accurate signal transmission. The truth table for OBUFDS is similar to that of IBUFDS:
| I | IB | O |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | No change |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | No change |
The syntax for this buffer is:
OBUFDS instance_name (.O(user_O), .I(user_I), .OB(user_OB));
3. IBUFGDS (Dedicated Differential Signaling Input Buffer with Selectable I/O Interface) – This buffer is specifically used for clock signals and is often connected to global clock buffers or digital clock managers. It receives a differential clock input through the I and IB pins and outputs a single-ended clock signal. Its operation is similar to that of IBUFDS, but it is optimized for clock applications:
IBUFGDS instance_name (.O(user_O), .I(user_I), .IB(user_IB));
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