In the ARM + Linux training class, the instructor often starts by explaining the ARM development board using ADS or RealView MDK. The reason for this approach is as follows: First, it's essential to understand the ARM architecture. ARM is a type of computer, and mastering its architecture means understanding how it operates. In universities, students usually take a course called "Microcomputer Principles" that explains how x86 computers work and teaches x86 assembly language. Since ARM and x86 architectures are fundamentally different, it's necessary to first grasp the basics of ARM before diving into ARM + Linux. Learning ARM assembly language is also crucial at this stage. Second, mastering ARM assembly language is important because it's a low-level language closely tied to hardware. Unlike x86 assembly, ARM assembly is quite different due to the distinct architecture. A book titled "ARM Architecture and Programming" was once popular for learning these concepts. As technology has evolved, more resources have become available for studying ARM assembly. While assembly isn't heavily used in Linux, it's still necessary during system startup. Third, understanding the schematic diagram of the ARM development board is vital. Although schematics are part of hardware design, software engineers working on ARM + Linux must be able to interpret them, especially when writing device drivers. One common experiment when debugging with ADS or MDK is the "horselight" program, where LEDs on the board light up one after another. To implement this, you need to look at the circuit diagram to see how the LEDs are connected to the ARM chip’s I/O pins. By setting the voltage levels of those pins, you can control the LEDs. This simple example illustrates how software and hardware interact, helping engineers build a solid foundation for more complex tasks. Fourth, learning to use ARM like a microcontroller is important. Microcontrollers are widely used, with the C51 series being a common example. These devices don’t require an operating system and run simple programs. While the C51 belongs to the x86 family, ARM falls between the C51 and x86 in terms of performance, making it a good choice for embedded systems. Tools like ADS and MDK are used for ARM development, and newer versions like Cortex M (for microcontrollers) and Cortex A (for OS-based systems) reflect this evolution. Fifth, reviewing C programming is essential. When debugging an ARM board using ADS or MDK, both assembly and C are commonly used. While assembly is specific to ARM, C is a general-purpose, platform-independent language. Combining C with ARM assembly allows for efficient development. Strong C skills are key to advancing in ARM + Linux development. ADS is an older integrated development environment from ARM, no longer actively supported but still useful for debugging ARM11. RealView MDK, developed after ARM acquired Keil, combines the best features of ADS and Keil’s classic C51 environment. It supports all ARM versions, though it can be more complex. Many methods from ADS are retained, making the transition smoother. Whether using ADS or MDK, the goal remains the same: to build a strong foundation for learning ARM + Linux. Using these tools is often referred to as “streaking” since there’s no operating system involved. Just like learning to paint a figure before painting characters, you start by using ADS or MDK to get the basics right before moving on to ARM + Linux.

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