In 2016, the concept of the millet MIX smartphone was introduced, marking the beginning of the full-screen era. This initial test of a full-screen design received widespread acclaim from the industry, signaling a new chapter for smartphones. For the display sector, the rise of full-screen OLED panels created a significant demand, ushering in a new wave of innovation and growth.
By the second half of 2017, the full-screen trend exploded. Both domestic and international phone brands launched their latest models featuring this design, with Apple’s iPhone X leading the way as a high-end symbol. The adoption of full-screen designs pushed the market to new heights, and OLED panels became the ideal partner for these innovations, quickly becoming the standard for premium smartphones.
OLED panels offer several advantages over traditional LCDs, such as lighter weight, lower power consumption, and superior color performance. Their integration into full-screen devices not only increases screen-to-body ratio but also helps address power-related challenges. In 2018, the full-screen trend continued to grow, driven by technological advancements and the expansion of OLED usage into more affordable devices. However, this surge in demand led to supply shortages, particularly for high-end models.
Currently, Samsung holds a dominant position in the OLED panel market, with Apple securing most of the available supply. This has left many domestic brands struggling to access enough OLED panels to meet their growing needs. While companies like BOE and Huaxing Optoelectronics are investing heavily in OLED production, they still face challenges in achieving mass production and consistent quality.
Meanwhile, Sharp, now under Foxconn’s ownership, announced plans to begin mass-producing OLED panels in early 2018, potentially challenging Samsung's monopoly. If successful, this could shift the balance of supply, especially if Sharp prioritizes Apple over other manufacturers. However, it may still be difficult for Chinese brands to secure a large share of the market.
Apple's increasing demand for OLED panels in 2018 has further strained global supply. With two new iPhone models expected to use OLED screens and Samsung’s own flagship devices transitioning to AMOLED displays, the shortage is likely to worsen. As a result, Chinese brands are now exploring alternative technologies to reduce their reliance on OLED.
One such alternative is MicroLED, a promising next-generation display technology. Companies like Huawei, Xiaomi, and OPPO have reportedly planned to adopt MicroLED in their flagship models in 2018. Unlike OLED, MicroLED offers faster response times, better contrast, and higher color saturation, making it a strong contender for future smartphones.
MicroLED was first developed in 2000 by researchers at Kansas State University and Texas Tech University. It shares similarities with OLED but promises even greater performance. Apple itself has been actively investing in MicroLED, and Taiwan-based manufacturers are also accelerating their efforts to commercialize the technology.
While the potential for MicroLED is huge, there are still significant technical hurdles to overcome before it can be widely adopted. Sony is one of the few companies that have already demonstrated MicroLED in real-world applications, such as a 10.1-inch vehicle display at CES 2018. However, scaling up production for smartphones will require advanced manufacturing techniques and ultra-high-density packaging.
Despite the challenges, the push toward MicroLED signals a new phase in the display battle. As domestic brands seek to break free from OLED dependency, the race for the next big display technology is just beginning. Whether they can lead the charge remains to be seen, but one thing is clear: the future of smartphone displays is evolving rapidly.
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