Automobile gearboxes are currently commonly used with ordinary AT (automatic gearbox) and CVT (stepless gearbox), and with the development of automotive technology, the third type of automatic gearbox has been revealed, and now has appeared The momentum of rapid rise, this gearbox is DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission, dual clutch gearbox).
DCT is an "AMT (Automated Manual Transmission)" gearbox that automates the shifting of manual gearboxes. It features a combination of two sets of clutches and two sets of shift gears. The two clutches are respectively connected to odd-numbered gears such as 1st, 3rd, and 5th speeds, and even-numbered gears such as 2nd, 4th, and 6th speeds. Through the switching between the clutches, fast switching between even and odd gears is completed.
This automatic transmission was first equipped by German Volkswagen in mass production cars in 2003. The company called it "DSG (Direct Shift Gearbox)". In the following four years, no manufacturer followed the public. But today, DCT has suddenly gained momentum. In addition to the adoption of new cars that Mitsubishi Motors and Nissan Motors will launch this fall, overseas, Ford Group and Chrysler are also expanding their investment in DCT. DCT manufacturers predict that by 2015, DCT will account for 15 to 20% of the global gearbox market.
There are two reasons why DCT is in focus now. First, compared with ordinary AT (automatic transmission) and CVT equipped with a torque converter, there is no slip phenomenon, and there is a direct acceleration feeling when stepping on the accelerator. Second, the torque converter has no slip loss, and the spur gear with a transmission efficiency higher than the planetary gear is used, so the fuel efficiency is higher than the ordinary AT. There is no direct comparison data with CVT at present, however, CVT will have the problem of increasing the friction loss of the metal belt during high-speed driving and resulting in the reduction of fuel efficiency. Therefore, for the European market with more high-speed driving opportunities, DCT is more suitable than CVT.
I have also mentioned in the column how I feel when I test drive a Volkswagen DSG-equipped car: it is very different from the AMT's awkward movements in the past. Although creep is weaker than normal AT, it is no problem if you get used to it. If there is good fuel efficiency on this basis, it can be called an ideal gearbox.
What is worrying is that Japanese gearbox manufacturers lag behind in the development of DCT. DCT is based on the structure of manual gearboxes, while well-known Japanese gearbox manufacturers are shifting the focus of development to AT and CVT. Japan ’s AT can indeed be said to have reached the highest level in the world, but DSG, which has just been mass-produced for four years, has reached a fairly high degree of completion. Considering this situation, it cannot be said that AT's current status is stable.
What is a dual clutch automatic transmission?
Schematic diagram of dual clutch gearbox
K1 and K2 on the left are the two clutches of the gearbox
The upper and lower input shafts are odd gear shaft and even gear shaft respectively
Equivalent to one clutch responsible for odd gears and the other clutch responsible for even gears
The principle of the dual-clutch automatic transmission (DCT) is different from that of the automatic transmission. It shifts through the alternating combination of two clutches. It uses a dual clutch and a dual input shaft. The odd-numbered gears and the even-numbered gears are installed in the two On the root input shaft, the controller (electric control unit) controls the motor or solenoid valve to automate the shift process.
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