O Introduction
In modern avionics systems, the integrated cockpit display control system undertakes the centralized display and centralized management tasks of the avionics system, enabling pilots to efficiently obtain the required information and effectively reduce the workload of pilots. At present, domestic general-purpose aircrafts and helicopters are equipped with mechanical instruments or equipped with a flight monitor with a small size and low resolution. The single-screen display of flight parameter content is relatively small, the weight is relatively heavy, and the system reliability is low.
A certain type of integrated cockpit display control system introduced in this article draws on the concept of "glass cockpit" and presents a large number of complex sensor data to pilots through large-screen high-resolution liquid crystal display after collection, processing and fusion, replacing traditional electromechanical meter. At the same time, the integrated cockpit display control system uses a high-speed data network to achieve data transmission, task synchronization and data comparison, which can flexibly handle multiple failure modes of the system, so that the system has the ability to work under a certain failure level and improve the system's Reliability and security.
1 Design idea
1.1 Integration
Using a highly integrated integrated design, the integrated cockpit display control system integrates general modules, standard buses, high-speed networks and real-time embedded operating systems into a high-performance computing platform, providing powerful data processing, signal processing, interface processing and Graphics processing capabilities, with comprehensive processing of sensor input data, data fusion, task calculation, video information generation, navigation calculation, plug-in management, electronic countermeasures, communication management, system control and fault detection, reconstruction, etc., fully embody information Features of synthesis, display synthesis, function synthesis, hardware synthesis, software synthesis, and detection synthesis.
1.2 Generalization
The cockpit display systems of different aircraft have diverse characteristics, which are mainly caused by different requirements of aircraft usage, airworthiness regulations and operating regulations. In order to improve the versatility of the integrated cockpit display system and make it suitable for all types of military and civil aviation aircraft, the general integrated cockpit display control system should have high-performance information comprehensive processing and integrated display functions, some of the most basic sensor equipment functions and strong The expansion capability of the sensor device interface.
1.3 Miniaturization
The miniaturized design reduces the size and weight of the equipment through reasonable system structure, advanced display technology and reinforcement methods. Through system optimization, reduce the waste of redundant hardware and software resources, while using large-scale integrated circuits and active matrix liquid crystal display technology to reduce hardware weight and volume.
2 System design
2.1 System structure
The integrated cockpit display control system includes two large-size, high-resolution integrated displays and a multi-function control panel. It adopts a highly integrated and integrated design, integrating airborne data processing, avionics task management and graphic image display on the flight display. Internally, there is no separate display control task computer, which makes the entire display control system reasonably composed, reduces the structural weight, and simplifies the layout of the helicopter cabin and instrument panel.
As shown in Figure 1, the sensor data of each channel on the aircraft is processed and organized into a network data frame by the data collection and processing unit of the integrated display, and then the data frame is transmitted to the display processing unit of the integrated display through the network, and the display processing unit receives the data frame Afterwards, data fusion and image processing are performed to finally complete the image display. The integrated cockpit display control system adopts a modular design method, which is divided into display processing unit, data processing unit and multi-function control panel according to function. The internal of the functional unit is composed of universal field replaceable modules, which has a higher standardization degree and improves the system ’s Maintainability. The functional units are connected through a data network. This loose coupling not only provides flexible scalability and testability, but also improves the system's fault tolerance.
2.2 Fault tolerance mechanism of the system
The fault-tolerant mechanism of the integrated cockpit display control system is that multiple integrated flight displays are of the same configuration and work independently. Each integrated display integrates flight data processing, avionics task management, and graphic image display functions, that is, the same software and hardware configuration, running tasks Different, work independently, and back up each other. The integrated monitors realize the synchronization of mission cycles between the two aircrafts and the cross-transmission of data between flight monitors through the display synchronization data network and the cross-comparison data network. Each integrated display can get the aircraft information collected by another integrated display, and on this basis, the flight parameter data can be compared and monitored. When the difference exceeds a certain range, the system gives an alarm prompt. It is helpful to find the fault early, determine the source of the fault, eliminate the spread of the fault, suppress the impact of the fault, and improve the reliability of the system task.
According to the system comparison monitoring results and equipment BIT monitoring results, as shown in Figure 2, if there is a serious failure in the data collection and processing part of the integrated display, the main pilot and co-pilot integrated displays can be reconstructed through the failover logic to automatically display the flight display The data source is switched to the data processing module of another flight display without failure. Under a certain fault level, it can realize the one-time fault working ability of the data processing part. At the same time, the pilot can manually switch the data source displayed by the main pilot flight display and the co-pilot flight display through the multi-function control panel.
2.3 Display interface design
In order to develop the graphical interface on the embedded operating system, the VxWorks operating system is combined with the Idata and OpenGL graphics driver development package to realize a good human-machine interface. Use the message queue, interrupt processing and task scheduling functions of the VxWorks operating system to achieve system task management and user interaction; use the GUI editor provided by the visual graphics development tool IData to draw the display screen to complete the situation-aware fusion display, user interactive display and advanced system Display, better realize the display functions of flight instruments, map navigation, layered overlay of graphics, graphics special effects, etc., so that the message-driven multi-window display technology achieves practical results. As shown in Figure 3, the main flight interface is divided into upper and lower areas. The upper area displays important flight parameters such as heading attitude, flight guidance, and atmospheric data; the lower area displays information such as horizontal attitude indication, route, and engine parameters.
2.4 Software architecture
The integrated cockpit display control system software mainly includes system software, ground support software and application software. The software system structure is shown in Figure 4.
The application software (OFP software) as the core part of the integrated cockpit display control software architecture runs on the VxWorks 5.1 operating system and is developed using standard C language. It is responsible for the comprehensive display and control of flight status, parameters, display key operation processing, and data Acquisition, network communication, periodic self-check, fault alarm and processing functions, data loading, system maintenance and other functions, realize the control, conversion and information display of the working status and working mode defined in the pilot's operating procedures. The data processing software realizes the data exchange between the integrated cockpit display control system and the on-board sensor equipment, and is merged with the system status data and sent to the display processing unit. The display processing software receives the display instructions sent by the data processing software through the network, and displays The instruction generates the corresponding screen.
System software includes operating system, middle layer software and device driver software. Application software and system software are installed in the program memory of the integrated display control system. Ground support software includes Tornado integrated development environment (IDE), various online simulation debugging equipment and its software (ICE), burning and curing tools, project management tools (such as version management software), system integrated simulation test equipment software (ATE) , Ground route editing software and database, etc. They are installed in ground maintenance equipment or development equipment.
3 Conclusion
It can be seen from the above discussion that the integrated cockpit display control system adopts advanced architecture and software architecture to realize the graphical comprehensive display control function of cockpit information. The system has a high degree of system integration, good ergonomics, high safety and versatility. It is compatible with multi-carrier aircraft platforms, which conforms to the highly integrated development trend of cockpit display and control systems, and has good application prospects.
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